不知道留學(xué)生們有沒有遇到過Essay扎堆的情況,這種情況想必大家都非常頭疼。單單是Essay Format都不知道該怎么處理,Bibliography/Reference又該怎么寫?要怎么才能做到不被扣Format分?下面就給大家講解一下Essay寫作常見問題。
Essay Format
對于所有的Academic Essay
來說格式都基本相同。
字號:12-point font size
字體:Times New Roman
行距:double-spaced
另外,對于Arts科目來說,字?jǐn)?shù)限制也十分重要。部分科目會將in-text citation或者footnotes也算入字?jǐn)?shù)中,具體需以每科的Assignment要求為準(zhǔn)。
The length of the paper should be XXXX words(+/-10%).The penalty(5-point deduction)will apply to a paper which is outside this range.
再者,Plagiarism對于Essay來說至關(guān)重要!每一篇Essay都會經(jīng)過Turnitin系統(tǒng)檢查內(nèi)容相似率。因此citation的必要性就不言而喻了。
APA style?Harvard system?
Chicago?Or MLA?
What?到底該用哪一種?
它們分別又有什么格式要求?
APA style
APA應(yīng)該是同學(xué)們使用最廣的reference方式。其格式要求主要為:
要求同學(xué)們在開始進(jìn)行段落開頭寫作前按一下Tab鍵以替代空格首行縮進(jìn);
雙倍行間距Double Space;
字體要求Times New Roman;
Intext citations格式:
One author:
…(Hawkins,2003).
Hawkins(2003)reported that the results were inconclusive.
OR In 1979,Conger conducted a study which showed that…
Two authors:
…(Bovey&Hede,2001)
Reference list格式:
1.book:
Author surname,Author initial(s).(Year of publication).Title of book(edition number if not the 1st edition).Place of publication:Name of publisher.
2.Journal article:
Author family name,Author initial(s).(Year of publication).Title of the article.Title of the Journal,volume number(issue number),page numbers of the article.
3.Web sites:
Author/editor surname,Author/editor initial(s).(Year,month day of last update,or copyright year).Title of the page/document.Retrieved Month day,year,from URL
MLA 8th
MLA(Modern Language Association)相信留學(xué)生們都很熟悉,為美國現(xiàn)代語言協(xié)會制定的Essay指導(dǎo)格式,在一般書寫英語Essay時應(yīng)當(dāng)使用MLA格式來保證學(xué)術(shù)著作的完整。
Intext citation:
在MLA格式中,一般以intext citation代替腳注及尾注,格式為:
author’s last name and a relevant page number;
Eg:…it was the worst of times”(Dickens 5);
wrote Charles Dickens of the eighteenth century(5)
注意:如有一個以上的作者,用“and”而不是“&”鏈接~
Eg:(Brown and Czerniewicz 2010)
Reference list格式:
1.book:
Last name,First name.Title of Book.Publisher,Year of Publication.
2.Journal article:
Last name,First name.“Title of Article.”Title of Journal,volume,issue,year,page range of article.Database,URL.
3.websites:
Last name,First name.Name of site.Publisher or sponsor of site,date of publication(if available),URL.
Chicago
Intext citation:
在Chicago格式中,就不是用intext citation了,需要在正文中加入連續(xù)的自然數(shù)標(biāo)記腳注及尾注,其格式為:
1.Book:
Note Number.Author’s First and Last Names,Title of Book:Subtitle of Book(Place of Publication:Publisher’s Name,Date of Publication),page number(s).
2.Journal article:
Note Number.Author’s First and Last Names,“Article Title,”Title of Publication Vol no,issue no(Date of Publication):page number(s).
3.Websites:
Note Number.“Title of Webpage”Name of Website,Date modified/accessed,URL.
Harvard
Reference list:
1.book:
Eg:Brick,J 2009,Academic culture:a student’s guide to studying at university,National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research,Sydney.
2.Journal article:
Eg:Prentice,C 2010,‘Terms of ambivalence:cultural politics and symbolic exchange’,Australian Literary Studies,vol.25,no.4,pp.33-54.
3.Websites:
Fein,B 2011,‘The Patriot Act is at war with the constitution’,The American view:God,family,republic,viewed 8 November 2011,http://archive.theamericanview.com/index.php?id=1770
所有參考書目以作者姓名的字母順序排列,一個作者有多本著作時,則按年份先后排列順序。
以上就是關(guān)于Essay的寫作攻略分享,現(xiàn)在同學(xué)們該知道怎么寫Essay了吧!如果還有不了解的,需要找essay代寫的話,建議找我們Australiaway!新客戶首單立減5%!